The Physics Of Infrared Radiation - 1086 Words

A vibration can result in an absorption peak of infrared radiation, only if there is a change in the dipole moment of the molecule. The larger this change, the more intense will be the absorption band. Furthermore, the electron polarity vectors in the covalent bond should not cancel out i.e the covalent bonds must be asymmetric. Asymmetrical bonds carry a net polarity vector and show absorption peaks; bonds that are centered along the plane of symmetry cancel out their polarity vectors upon stretching and there is no net change in dipole moment. Such molecules are known to be infrared inactive. An infrared spectrum is the plot of absorbance (or % transmission) against the wavenumber (cm-1) (Rehman et al., 2012). Wavenumber is defined as number of waves in a length of one centimeter and is a commonly used unit for representing spectral regions. Wavenumber is linear with energy and is expressed with the following equation.Significant parts of the spectrum are the regions where the molecule absorbs the infrared energy. These are shown as characteristic absorption peaks. A molecule can only absorb radiation when the incoming infrared radiation is of the same frequency as one of the fundamental modes of vibration of the molecule (Stuart and Barbara, 2004). The modes of vibration usually encountered include bending, stretching, wagging and out of plane vibrations. These molecular vibrations result in changes in dipole moments of the molecular groups and the resulting vibratingShow MoreRelatedConduction, Convection, and Radiation1525 Words   |  7 PagesConduction, Convection, and Radiation By: Spencer Smith Physics 2010 – Online Dr. Stone 30 April 2014 Physics is a controlling factor in our vast universe. It literally controls how our reality operates and how our existence came to be in this universe, it actually it what made our universe. When you think about physics you probably think about friction and forces but it is a much broader idea. Physics is what controls how the atoms that make up everything work with each other to formRead MoreGlobal Warming : Physics And Its Outcome On The World1528 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal Warming: Physics and Its Outcome on the World People complain about hot summers, and to cold of winters, why it would still be snowing during May in North East, Ohio. These temperature changes could all be a result of one thing, global warming. Global warming is a change in temperature due to gases and solutions humans put into the environment. The gases and solutions effect the natural gases in the environment that maintain the temperatures around the world. Although that is how global warmingRead MoreRemote Sensing Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesaddition, nonliteral imagery also provides interpreters a visual representation of objects in dark conditions. There are two sensors that improve vision at night: long wave infrared radiation and image intensifier. The former uses differences in heat within an area to produce a thermal visual, and the latter uses detected infrared radiation with both short and long wavelengths to create a clear visual. Sensors can be used alone or together to provide clearer images in dark condition. Human interpretersRead MoreThe Sun : Thermal And Electromagnetic Processes Essay2139 Words   |  9 Pagesis the antimatter counterpart of the electron. They both have the same mass, but an opposite charge. When the two collide, a positron and an electron, they annihilate each other and all their mass is converted to energy in the form of gamma ray radiation. As mentioned before, this energy takes approximately 1 million years to move from the core of the Sun to the photosphere. During this time, the photons bounce off the dense gas particles that make up the Sun. As a product of these collisionsRead MoreUBT1 Task 1 Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ZBT1 Task 1: Wave Physics Ian Trimble Student ID: 000352590 Introduction We benefit greatly the benefits of long distance communication, eating food from different parts of the countries without fear of spoilage, radiation treatment, and heating up food in a matter of minutes, and a myriad of other wonders all do the wonders of waves, be they sound waves as well as light waves. In this timeline, we will look at all of the different light waves, their history, and their benefits. Annotated TimelineRead MoreThe Big Bang1460 Words   |  6 Pagesplanets asteroids, comets and moons. For millennia, humans have attributed the workings and beauty of the cosmos to the divine. Slowly, we learned that laws governed the motion of these celestial bodies, laws which would come to be known as the laws of physics. It was not a god that was making the planets orbit the sun, but gravity. Through observations, mankind learned of new laws, and discarded old ones that no longer matched the observations. Eventually, a prediction was made as to the very origins ofRead MoreCan You Bake Cookies Only Using Sunlight?1007 Words   |  5 Pagesheat inside the same way gases in our atmosphere trap them. Then bake some delicious cookies. What Study of Science is this under? The study of science is Physics. Physics means the natural science which involves the study of things made up atoms or matter, and along with related concepts such as energy and force. The experiment is Physics because we are using heat from the sun, and transferring the heat to the oven. So heat or thermal energy is the measure of the amount of energy that is containedRead MoreThe Socio Scientific Issue Of Global Warming Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesPhysics AS915527 Use physics knowledge to develop an informed response . to a socio-scientific issue The Socio-scientific issue of Global Warming Global warming is an extremely controversial issue as there are many different theories surrounding it, including the theory that it simply doesn’t exist. The most agreeable concept surrounding global warming is that gas emissions have different effects on the temperatures on Earth, however how these gases effectRead MoreEssay on Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases1265 Words   |  6 Pagesnitrous oxide, and water vapor, have increased significantly during the industrial age. These high concentrations are predicted to continue in the atmosphere for thousands of years to come. This increase in specially carbon dioxide, increases the infrared energy taken in by the atmosphere, and warming the earths surface. The Global mean temperature over the past 150 years has risen between 0.3 degrees C and 0.6 degrees C. Climate changes that have been predicted are based on the continual riseRead MoreHousing Insulation And Heat Transfer1091 Words   |  5 PagesCLEVELAND DISTRICT STATE HIGH SCHOOL Year 9 Science UNIT NAME Physics TASK NUMBER 1 Housing Insulation and Heat Transfer STUDENT NAME: Ashton Coombes TEACHER DRAFT DUE DATE FINAL REPORT DUE DATE CONDITIONS You must adhere to the school’s assessment policy. If an extension is required, you must contact the Head of Science before the due date. THIS COVER SHEET MUST BE ATTACHED TO YOUR ASSIGNMENT THIS IS AN INDIVIDUAL REPORT. GENERAL OBJECTIVE GRADE Knowledge and

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult...

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult Until the mid seventies, the term nuclear terror was used predominately to describe the threat of a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. Since then, however, it has taken on a whole new meaning which many security experts feel poses a more serious threat to national security. In the past few decades, formal terrorist organizations have exploded planes out of the sky, bombed US military and diplomatic facilities abroad, and with the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombing incidents, they have even launched attacks on American soil. Yet until 20 March 1995 when five members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult released sarin nerve gas in the Tokyo subway system, the world had not seen†¦show more content†¦The guru, Asahara, is an essential guide throughout this spiritual evolution. Members of the group believe that salvation will only be achieved after Armageddon, even for those who are killed in the process. In spite of its religious nature, Aums leadership structure was organized in the form of a ministerial cabinet patterned after the Japanese government. Since its establishment in 1987, the Aum organization expanded physically, geographically, and financially. It is believed that at its height, the group had over 65,000 members, yet only 10,000 of these were located in Japan. Aum had a large representation in Russia, approximately three times the number of followers in Japan and half of its total membership worldwide. By the end of 1994, there were six Aum Shinrikyo branches in Moscow alone and another eleven offices outside the capital city. On a smaller scale, Aum established branches in Germany and the US and claimed small groups of followers in Australia, Belarus, and the Ukraine. The organizations financial assets were accumulated through fund raising, donations, and a variety of legitimate business efforts, from computer businesses in Taiwan toShow MoreRelatedThe Japanese Doomsday Cult2659 Words   |  11 Pages POLICY PAPER Aum Shinrikyo: The Japanese Doomsday Cult Lisa Bertsch – lmb5956@psu.edu HLS 805: Political Violence, Threats, and Insurgency Summer 2015 – Dr. Paul Gill Table of Contents Abstract Pg. 3 Chizuo Matsumoto, aka Asahara Shoko Pg. 4 Syncretism Pg. 4 The early years: 1984-1989 Pg. 4 Organizational Goals and the Means of Achieving Them Pg. 5 Recruitment Pg. 6 Examples of Violent Attacks Pg. 7 The Split Pg. 9 Conclusion Pg. 10 References Pg. 12 AbstractRead MoreOverview of Terrorist Organizations: Al-Qaeda and Aum Shinrikyo3113 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Codex: Two Terrorist Organizations Al-Qaeda and Aum Shinrikyo Al Qaeda: Origins People too commonly forget that the story of Al-Qaeda is very much the story of Osama Bin Laden: so much of the development and evolution of Al-Qaeda truly is dependent on this one man. Thus, this means that their narratives are forever intertwined. The primary founder of Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, was born in July 1957, the seventeenth of twenty sons of a Saudi construction magnate of Yemeni origin. Many SaudisRead MoreThe Spiritual Beliefs Of The Aum2644 Words   |  11 PagesJapanese cult released a lethal dose of sarin gas into the Tokyo subways, killing 12 and wounding thousands more (Olson, 1999:314). The men responsible were astrophysicists, doctors, and electronics engineers who graduated at the top of their classes (Hudson, 1999:140, 142). All belonged to Aum Shinrikyo, a cult fuelled by the beliefs of an inevitable apocalypse and that salvation could be provided through membership in the cult. Under the control of a partially blind guru, Shoko Asahara, cult membersRead Mo reTerrorism As A Crime, Or Terrorism Essay1797 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism as warfare, terrorism as a crime, or terrorism as a disease. Whichever view is adopted is determined by the kinds of countermeasures countries will use in their efforts to deal with terrorism. Definitions of terrorism are diverse and commentators and scholars tend to disagree on which is the most accurate. This usually occurs because the different types of terrorism are so widespread, and some experts will include or exclude various groups depending on their preferences. Terrorism is aRead MoreTerrorism Is A Very Real And Serious Threat1754 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism is a very real and serious threat. The United States of America is not the only country under attack by terrorists, the US is simply another target. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iraq, Myanmar, Yemen, Japan, and many other countries have all been under attack by terrorist groups. The UK and Ireland were both under attack by the Irish Republican Army (IRA). They had a simple plan outlined in their â€Å"Green Book† they wanted â€Å"the establishment of a ‘Democratic Socialist RepublicRead More anthrax Essays1316 Words   |  6 Pagessomeone use anthrax for a larger attack on American cities? Unfortunately, yes-and they could also use any of a series of other germs, some more lethal than anthrax. But it’s not easy to get anthrax, and it’s not easy to deploy. The Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo tried to spread anthrax from its Tokyo office building in 1993 and failed dismally. Experts disagree on how dangerous it would be if someone sprinkled anthrax in, say, an office ventilation system or a subway car, but any larger attack wouldRead MoreTerrorism and Its Effects on International Relations5812 Words   |  24 PagesTerrorism and its Effects on International Relations Introduction Over the years there have been significant changes in how terrorism is carried out. With the changes in how terrorism is carried out there have also been dramatic changes in how countries counter terrorist attacks. The modifications in the way a country counters these terrorist attacks affects international relations of these countries. These issues bring about the question of how have counter terrorism methods affected internationalRead More Bioterrorism with Smallpox Essay2355 Words   |  10 Pagesthe entire body. Once endemic to the entire world, it has been wiped out with mass vaccination efforts by the World Health Organization with the last reported case being in 1977 in Somalia (Tucker 118). The threat of the virus still looms over us, however, with the advent of the age of terrorism. Its transmission method (human to human), the lack of effective treatment, its high mortality rate, and its ease of weaponization has compelled the Centers for Disease Control to classify it a s a CategoryRead MoreEmergency Management Essay18946 Words   |  76 Pagesnecessary to explain the need for a profession whose purpose is saving lives and property in disasters. It is likely that, while many people recognize their communities are exposed to environmental threats requiring a systematic program of protection, only a few appreciate the magnitude and diversity of the threats. One can introduce the study of emergency management by noting losses from disasters—in the United States and the rest of the world—have been growing over the years and are likely to continue

Crime in Detroit Free Essays

Crime in Detroit For many years Detroit, Michigan has been known as the murder capital of the world. stats show that In 2012 Detroit had the highest rate of violent crimes over any other city In the united States. Crime around the city Is not only committed by the residents but also by local police officials and government officials. We will write a custom essay sample on Crime in Detroit or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are the people that took a vow to serve and protect us. But we have to protect ourselves from them. There has been crimes of racism, take for instance in 1992, two white police fficers named Walter Budzyn and Larry Nevers beat to death an African American man. amed Malice Green, with a flashlight. It was said that it was a routine traffc stop in which Green was driving, but everyone in Detroit knew that Malice Green was homeless and did not have a car. Green refused to open his hand and give the police the vile of crack that he was holding. For that he paid the ultimate price with his life. He was struck 14 times in the head with the police flashlght. Both officers were charged with involuntary manslaughter. Nevers received 4 years and Budzyn eceived 41/2 years. On the other hand in that same year my brother an Atrican American male accidentally killed a white woman while playing with a gun. He got the same Involuntary manslaughter charge and did 17 years. Maxing out his sentence. Each time he was up for parole he was denied. Eventually they Just has to let him go. Another incident of crime In Detroit was committed by a Government official. Kwame Kilpatrick was the mayor of Detroit from 2002 until he was forced to resign due to a plea deal in 2008. He was Involved in the citys largest corruption scandal ver. He, his best friend, and his father stole over 83 million dollars from the city. Hence the reason that the city is bankrupt today. He did everything from mail fraud which is a scheme to get money from people through the mail. wire fraud, something like mail fraud, racketeering, he was using the mayors palace as a place for prostitutes and was throwing wild parties there. He was also charged with obstruction and a list of other charges. Each of the 29 charges that he got can receive up toa 15 year sentence. He will be sentenced on October 13, 2013. So as you can see from those two examples crime is a big problem for the city of Detroit. It doesn’t matter it its law enforcement or government officials. Crime is crime and It Is still going to be committed. By icheat4u world. Stats show that in 2012 Detroit had the highest rate of violent crimes over any other city in the United States. Crime around the city is not only committed by the man, named Malice Green, with a flashlight. It was said that it was a routine traffic He was struck 14 times in the head with the police flashlight. Both officers were received 41/2 years. On the other hand in that same year my brother an African same involuntary manslaughter charge and did 17 years. Maxing out his sentence. Another incident of crime in Detroit was committed by a Government official. due to a plea deal in 2008. He was involved in the citys largest corruption scandal which is a scheme to get money from people through the mail, wire fraud, something Detroit. It doesn’t matter if its law enforcement or government officials. Crime is crime and it is still going to be committed. How to cite Crime in Detroit, Papers

Basic Pharmacology Management

Question: Describe about the Basic Pharmacology? Answer: A person walks into a dark room and kicks a metal chair- the first thought that comes to our mind is that the person is ought to get hurt and the second thought will be is it bleeding or not? It often happens to a person when he or she gets wounded like this the injury may bleed and if not than it may swell up (EBBERT and TANGALOS, 2009). The first and foremost thing that the person should have done is to switch on the lights, if it was not available than the person should have opened the door wide and tried to make out the obstacles from the possible light present. The person should open his eyes wide because entering in the dark room all of a sudden decreases the ability to see and it takes time for the pupil to adjust with the darkness of the room. And thus people tend to hit themselves due to this property of science (Meaney, 2012). Hitting a foot without wearing slippers may turn into severe pain and the person may feel some numbness or sensation of pain (Smith, 2013). So the person should try to sense the things that are or may be placed in the room. He or she should keep steady steps into the room to check for any obstacles. Another phenomenon may occur is a tear rolling out of his eyes. When a person gets a sudden shock tears roll out (Tate and Seeley, 2009). The person did not anticipate that he would hit a chair and thus after the situation occurred he will have some preconceived notion of the injury like if its swollen up or if there is a cut. The hit is a shock for him so he may fall into the ground. After the accident occurred the person should call out for someone who can help him to stand up (if fallen down) or can help him get out of the dark room, because he might be needing help to walk to the other room (Tortora and Grabowski, 2003). Meanwhile the person, if not finding help should continuously press his toe so that it gives comfort to an injury and swelling may be averted. First-aid should immediately arrive because keeping an injury unattended for long may get severe. The first thing that the person should do is try to move his toe to see if there is a fracture or not (Wallace, 2012). In case of fracture immediate x-ray should be done to see the extent of the injury. Ice is the foremost thing that should be applied on the injury to decrease the pain and also the swelling (Ursone, 2010). Acute inflammation may occur with severe pain because it was a metal chair that has hit his toe. After the first-aid is given to the person, he or she should be taken to the doctor nearby because if the pain persists than the area of pain may turn into black due to blood clot. This pain may create problem in future while walking. Apart from application of ice, medicines like painkillers will help to reduce the pain. If there is a cut the person might be prescribed to take a tetanus injection, because the injury was by a metal. Proper dressing should be done so that dirt and other particles do not enter the wounded area creating infection. If there is no injury and mere swell than application of hot water pad is also helpful. Proper rest is mandatory so the swell does not get worse (Kunkel and Miller, 2002). References EBBERT, J. and TANGALOS, E. (2009). Foot Orthotics for Patellofemoral Pain. Internal Medicine News, 42(4), p.32. Kunkel, M. and Miller, S. (2002). Return to work after foot and ankle injury. Foot and Ankle Clinics, 7(2), pp.421-428. Meaney, B. (2012). DIABETIC FOOT CARE: PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE. Journal of Renal Care, 38, pp.90-98. Smith, M. (2013). Penetrating injuries of the foot. Equine Veterinary Education, 25(8), pp.422-431. Tate, P. and Seeley, R. (2009). Seeley's principles of anatomy physiology. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill. Tortora, G. and Grabowski, S. (2003). Principles of anatomy and physiology. New York: Wiley. Ursone, R. (2010). Unique Complications of Foot and Ankle Injuries Secondary toWarfare. Foot and Ankle Clinics, 15(1), pp.201-208. Wallace, G. (2012). The FootSpecial section. The Foot, 22(3), p.111.