Health Disparities Of Children And Young People Dr. Uzma Amir

Case Report 1-Health Inequity in Children and Young People DR. UZMA AMIR Health Inequity Health inequity means avoidable factors in provision of better and fair health services to an individual or a community. These factors include lack of resources, medicines or health care facilities, low finances, lower socioeconomic status, geographical area, uneducated population or cultural beliefs which result in high rates of mortality and morbidity in a particular group of a community. According to WHO, health inequities are avoidable inequalities in health status between population groups. These inequities arise from inequalities and between societies. Socioeconomic conditions and their effects on life of an individual determine the†¦show more content†¦His birth was by SVD without any complication, cried immediately after birth. He has been given only BCG vaccine after birth and was not immunised for the follow up scheduled vaccines, nutrition and development was normal. No allergic reaction reported before. He has 3 siblings and live in a crowded home with 15 household members. He belonged to a poor family with no chronic condition in a family. On Examination: Weight: 10.5 kg (at 50th percentile) height is 82 cm (at 46th percentile). T: 102o F, HR: 95beats / minutes, RR: 54 breaths / minutes, oxygen saturation 94%. AB was generally appeared lethargic, mildly dehydrated and dyspneic. Cyanosis has been noted at end of cough bouts. Whooping sound on inspiration has been observed during cough. His ENT examination revealed only mild inflammation of pharynx. His respiratory examination revealed centrally located trachea, vesicular breath sound with mild crepitation at left side and chest in drawing .His cardiovascular and abdominal examination detected no abnormality. He was diagnosed clinically with whooping cough with pneumonia and dehydration. To confirm that some investigation needed, nasopharyngeal swab for PCR and Urea, creatinine and electrolytes were advised but unfortunately only full blood examination and chest X-ray has done due to financial issues of the family. The X-ray was suggestive of pneumonia. The management included hospital admission, oxygen inhalation, antibiotics, IV fluids

Cloning Essay example - 1310 Words

Cloning Abstract The question to clone or not to clone is currently center stage of scientific debate. Since the birth of Dolly, the sheep, in 1997 the controversial question of cloning has been paramount throughout the entire globe. The question is no longer whether it can be done, but whether is should be done and to what extent. We have already cloned goats, mice, monkeys, cattle, and pigs (Cloning fact sheet). Scientists are now trying to get approval to clone humans or at least parts of them (Eccleston, CNN). All of these clonings have led to much criticism and controversy, but the latest attempt at cloning is that of endangered and possibly already extinct species in hopes of preserving them. This short paper†¦show more content†¦In the case of this next example, 692 embryos were cloned, of those only 81 grew sufficiently to implant, of those 42 were implanted into 32 cows, but only eight cows actually became pregnant (Lanza, R., Dresser, B., Damiani, P. 2000). Most of the cows had spontaneous abortions and one had a very late-term abortion. These low statistics led to only one cow making it to full term so far (Lanza, R., Dresser, B., Damiani, P. 2000). What does this have to do with endangered species? Next month, November 2000, the first cloned, endangered species is scheduled to be born. Noah, as he has already been named, is a gaur: a large ox-like animal from India with a current population of only about 36,000 left in the wild (Lanza, R., Dresser, B., Damiani, P. 2000). The reasoning behind cloning endangered species according to scientists at Advanced Cell Technology (ACT), is ultimately the preservation of their gene pool and propagation of these animals until their natural habitats can be restored, at which point they could be reintroduced back into the wild (Lanza, R., Dresser, B., Damiani, P. 2000). The interesting thing about what scientists at ACT are doing, is that they are not cloning the genes of one species and introducing them into the same species, they are transferring the gene carrying eggs into another species entirely. Noah, the gaur, will be brought into this worldShow MoreRelatedCloning Is The Cloning Of Cloning1818 Words   |  8 Pageso rganism. Cloning means an organism is generated genetically identical from an existing organism through non-sexual means. Cloning simply means to make an identical duplication of genes, fragments of DNA molecules, organs, or cells. There are three different types of artificial cloning. They include gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Gene cloning produces copies of gene segments of DNA. Reproductive cloning produces copies of whole animals. 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Workplace Monitoring Processes of Physical Agents And Its Impact

Question: Discuss about the Workplace Monitoring Processes of Physical Agents And Its Impact. Answer: Identification of the physical agents and its impact Fiber, dusts and particulates are the most common physical agents generated in the workplace (Jargot and Melin 2013). However over exposure of these materials will cause in the lung diseases, asthma and respiratory disorders. This is due to the reason that, dusts particles are minute and cannot be avoided. Another physical agent is the light. Continuous exposure to the high beam of lights such as kind of rays will create vision problem of the employees. Their eyes as well as skin can be affected due to it. Employees may get developed skin rashes and other skin diseases along with impact on their visionary power. Noise is also very common in any workplace and in the case of manufacturing such as car parts, it will be more. However, over exposure of the employees in noisy scenario will create hearing problem for the employees (Qiu, Peng and He 2013). Along with that, headache and irritation may also happen among them. Presence of machines will obviously create vibrations, which will cause nerve issues of the employees. This is due to the reason that, continuous exposure to the vibration will cause irritation on the body and will affect the nervous system. Regulatory requirements Germany is having stringent regulations and standards in terms of safety and health of the workers in their workplace. Organizations operating in Germany should adhere to the council directive of 89/391/EEC in improving their health and safety arrangements. On the other hand, health and safety laws of Germany follow the approach of the standards of European Union and International bodies (Paul and Huber 2015). The car parts manufacturing company should comply with the standards being laid by the German Occupational and Safety Act or Arbeitsschutzgesetz. This act states the basic and key principles to be followed in terms of the steps o be taken by both the employee and employer. Measurements and sampling process The car manufacturing part industry consists of series of process that will have to be executed in order to develop the product. The technological advancement has eased the work for the control engineers within the organization. All the processes in industrial organizations have become automated and the control department constantly monitors the processes. This has enabled them to keep all the processes to optimal position. Dust particles having a diameter less than 100m will cause health issues by damaging the internal organs. PCE instruments will be used to measure the number of dust particles (Phadke and Thorp 2017). This will measure the number of crystalline silica particles, metal dust, fibers and plastic dust. The PCE- PCO could be connected to a large display in the control room, which will measure air pressure, temperature, and relative humidity. These consist of using sensors and transducers where the sensors will sense the changes and the transducer will transmit the readi ngs of the sensors to the control room. Initially, primary data will have to be collected with questionnaires mainly close ended. The sampling of these data will be based on simple random sampling. Randomization of the data is the main principle used where all the participants will have equal opportunity of being chosen (Schilling and Neubauer 2017). This data will be interpreted quantitatively throughout the study but qualitative analysis will also be conducted for gathering more information about the issues faced by the industrial process. The qualitative data will be collected through open-ended questionnaire and non-probabilistic sampling will be used. Monitoring equipments The different types of monitoring equipment used are dust-monitoring equipments, air quality monitoring equipments, Air temperature measurement equipments and humidity measurement equipments. The dust particles will be measured in m where if the particle size is less than 100 m then it will cause damage to the internal organs such as lungs. The air quality is measured in microgramsper cubic meter (g/m3) parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb) (Darwish et al. 2018). The unit of measurement of air temperature is Celsius or Fahrenheit whichever is programmed into the machine. This will also depend on the degree of temperature that will have to be measured. Therefore, identifying the temperature range is essential so that measurement becomes easier. Humidity of air measured in grams of water vapor percubicmeter volume of air. However, using this equipment pose minimum amount of risk if all the procedures are followed. This would include keeping combustible material away from the measurement units. Moreover, as most of the modern instruments are digitalized they can be auto calibrated form the control room (Petite 2015). However, contingencies occur many times where there is problem in the sensor and transducer so manual calibration and maintenance options are there. The devices will be regularly calibrated to maintain their accuracy and precision. The level of risks of using these equipment is less unless safety procedures are followed. Ensuring health and safety In order to ensure my own health and safety while collecting data for analyzing the present situation, protective gears will have to be used. This will consist of the use of special body suits, shoes and gloves. The excess amount of dust within the atmosphere may lead to explosion, therefore while accessing areas of high contamination protective gears are essential. Impact of environmental condition on measurements The measurements of instruments are optimal within a certain degree of temperature, air pressure and air density. While installing the devices, it has to be taken into consideration the factors under which the instrument will provide valid measurements (Brauer 2016). Therefore, protective measures will have to be taken to maintain the surrounding environment, which can be monitored through the control room. Interpretation and evaluation of the monitoring process The monitoring process consists of use of digital equipments to measure the present pollution level in the factory. The devices will provide alerts if the level of pollution is higher than the given range. Therefore, based on the readings necessary actions will have to be taken. This will consist of identifying the most polluted zones within the factory and then evaluation of the effective measures that will be taken. Then, all the equipments in the polluted zones will be checked to identify their conditions. The equipments in very bad conditions will have to be replaced and others will be cleaned and maintained. References Brauer, R.L., 2016.Safety and health for engineers. John Wiley Sons. Darwish, Z.A., Kazem, H.A., Sopian, K., Alghoul, M.A. and Alawadhi, H., 2018. Experimental investigation of dust pollutants and the impact of environmental parameters on PV performance: an experimental study.Environment, Development and Sustainability,20(1), pp.155-174. Jargot, D. and Melin, S., 2013. Characterization and validation of sampling and analytical methods for mycotoxins in workplace air.Environmental Science: Processes Impacts,15(3), pp.633-644. Paul, R. and Huber, M., 2015. Risk?based Regulation in Continental Europe? Explaining the Corporatist Turn to Risk in German Work Safety Policies.European Policy Analysis,1(2), pp.5-33. Petite, T.D., Sipco Llc, 2015.Systems and methods for monitoring and controlling remote devices. U.S. Patent 8,964,708. Phadke, A.G. and Thorp, J.S., 2017.Synchronized phasor measurements and their applications(Vol. 1). Springer. QIU, J.S., PENG, Y.Q. and HE, X.P., 2013. Pre-assessment of occupational hazards in punching and welding project of a vehicle manufacturing.Occupation and Health,20, p.023. Schilling, E.G. and Neubauer, D.V., 2017.Acceptance sampling in quality control. Crc Press.